Which of the following is included in traffic controls?

Traffic controls are essential components that help maintain order and safety on the road. They play a crucial role in guiding the behavior of both drivers and pedestrians. The correct answer includes traffic signals, signs, and road markings, which are all fundamental aspects of traffic control.

Traffic signals are illuminated devices that direct the flow of traffic, indicating when to stop, go, or yield. Signs provide important information, warnings, and instructions to road users, such as speed limits and directional guidance. Road markings, like lane dividers and crosswalks, visually guide drivers and pedestrians, reinforcing the information presented by signs and signals.

The other options incorporate elements that are relevant to road use but do not specifically define traffic controls. For example, traffic lights and police presence are important for directing traffic, but they fall under the broader category of enforcement and immediate traffic management rather than being core components of traffic control. Roads and vehicles refer to the infrastructure and objects used in transportation but do not include the signals or signs that manage how traffic flows. Drivers and pedestrians are the users of the system, and while their behavior is influenced by traffic controls, they themselves are not part of the traffic control measures.